International scientific, technical, and economic agreements and conventions have been established and implemented throughout history. The U.S.-E.C. Pharmaceutical Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs) Mutual Recognition Agreement (MRA) finds its roots in the economic free trade theories of the late 19th century and is associated with the current free trade agreements and other initiatives. Implementation and institutionalization of MRAs and equivalency agreements rest on the harmonization and/or acceptance of scientific and technical standards and procedures. When fully implemented, the Pharmaceutical MRA will cover, human drugs, animal drugs, vaccines, therapeutic biologics, active pharmaceutical ingredients and finished dosage forms. The MRA was signed in December 1998 with a three-year transition period. The transition will include training, evaluations, and equivalence assessments. This presentation will focus on accomplishments to date, current and future concerns and issues, and industrys activities and role.