U.S. Food & Drug Administration
Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition

Report of 1997 Inspections of
Fresh, Unpasteurized Apple Cider Manufacturers
Summary of Results
January 1999

Table of Contents

Attachment 1. Questionnaire Used in Apple Cider Assignment

I. Grower/Supplier: The information on growing and harvesting should be obtained if available from the manufacturer
Process Step Questions Yes    No    N/A Comments
G
R
O
W
I
N
G
Is fresh animal manure used as a fertilizer? |_|       |_|       |_|  
Is non-composted animal manure used as fertilizer? |_|       |_|       |_|
Do domestic animals graze in orchards? |_|       |_|       |_|  
Do wild animals graze in orchards? |_|       |_|       |_|
Do domestic animals graze in fields adjacent to orchards? |_|       |_|       |_|
Does pesticide use conform with regulations, including a licensed applicator? |_|       |_|       |_|

 

What type of irrigation is used:
   * Spray?
|_|       |_|       |_|  
   * Drip or Channel? |_|       |_|       |_|
   * Other (describe)? |_|       |_|       |_|
What is the water source used:
   * Untested Well Water?
|_|       |_|       |_|  
   * Tested Well Water?
     * If yes, what is tested for/frequency?
|_|       |_|       |_|
   * Surface Water (pond, stream)? |_|       |_|       |_|
   * Other (describe)? |_|       |_|       |_|
H
A
R
V
E
S
T
I
N
G
Are good sanitation practices used by field workers (e.g., personal cleanliness [hand washing], toilets, location, facilities, etc.)? |_|       |_|       |_|  
Are unfirm, unripened and unwholesome apples discarded? |_|       |_|       |_|  
Are 'Drops' used for unpasteurized apple juice/cider? |_|       |_|       |_|  
Are 'Drops' used for concentrates? |_|       |_|       |_|
Are 'Drops' used for other treated products? |_|       |_|       |_|
Is the use of 'drops' carefully managed (e.g., frequent harvesting, rotten apples discarded, machine harvested drops not used, separated from the tree picked, etc.)? |_|       |_|       |_|  
S
O
R
T
&
W
A
S
H
Are apples washed by the grower/supplier? |_|       |_|       |_|

 

If yes, what is the water source of the grower/supplier:
   * Municipal/public water supply?
|_|       |_|       |_|  
   * Well water? |_|       |_|       |_|
     * If well water used, is the source protected and tested at least annually?
     * If tested, what for?
|_|       |_|       |_|
   * Other water source (describe)? |_|       |_|       |_|
Are apples sanitized by the grower/supplier?
   * If yes, what is the sanitizer and concentration?
|_|       |_|       |_|

 

Are badly bruised apples discarded by grower/supplier? |_|       |_|       |_|

 

Are rotten apples discarded? |_|       |_|       |_|
Are apples with worm damage discarded by grower/supplier? |_|       |_|       |_|

 

II. Processor - Unpasteurized Apple Juice/Cider Manufacturer
Process Step Questions Yes    No    N/A Comments
R
E
C
E
I
V
I
N
G
Are written contract specifications used for suppliers (e.g., use of drops, sorting and washing, pesticide application, etc.)? |_|       |_|       |_|  
Are apples inspected for cleanliness & wholesomeness? |_|       |_|       |_|  
Are shipping containers inspected for cleanliness? |_|       |_|       |_|
Are apples washed upon receipt? |_|       |_|       |_|  
   * If yes, is a water flume used for washing? |_|       |_|       |_|
   * Does water contain sanitizer to prevent cross contamination?
     * If so, what is the sanitizer and conc. used?
|_|       |_|       |_|
Are records kept documenting the source of supply of apples (i.e., hand picked vs. drops)? |_|       |_|       |_|  
Are records kept documenting the type of apple? |_|       |_|       |_|
E
Q
U
I
P
M
E
N
T
Are copper and copper alloys used in contact with apple cider? |_|       |_|       |_|  
Are press cloths specifically designed for cider production? |_|       |_|       |_|  
Are press racks made of food-grade plastic and properly maintained? |_|       |_|       |_|  
Are press racks made of hardwood and properly maintained? |_|       |_|       |_|
Are press racks and cloths handled in a sanitary manner daily after operations? |_|       |_|       |_|  

Are press racks and cloths washed daily after operations?

|_|       |_|       |_|

Are press racks and cloths sanitized daily after operations?

|_|       |_|       |_|
Are press racks and cloths stored off floors in a well-ventilated location? |_|       |_|       |_|  
P
R
O
C
E
S
S
I
N
G
What is the water source used for processing:
   * Municipal/public water supply?
|_|       |_|       |_|  
Well water? |_|       |_|       |_|
   * If well water used, is the source protected and tested at least annually?
      * If tested, what for?
|_|       |_|       |_|
   * Other (Describe)? |_|       |_|       |_|
Are apples washed prior to processing? |_|       |_|       |_|  
   * Is a wet brusher used? |_|       |_|       |_|
   * Are detergents used? |_|       |_|       |_|
Are apples sanitized prior to processing?
   * If so, what are they and what concentrations are used?
|_|       |_|       |_|
Are apples inspected prior to processing? |_|       |_|       |_|  
   * Are badly bruised apples discarded? |_|       |_|       |_|
   * Are rotten apples discarded? |_|       |_|       |_|
   * Are apples with worm damage discarded? |_|       |_|       |_|
Are peels used in cider? |_|       |_|       |_|  
Are cores with rot and/or worm damage used in cider? |_|       |_|       |_|
Is pressed pomace disposed of promptly and properly? |_|       |_|       |_|  
Are preservatives used?
   * If so, list them and concentrations used
|_|       |_|       |_|  
Is UV or other treatment of pressed cider provided?
   * What are other treatments?
|_|       |_|       |_|  
Are only new containers and caps used? |_|       |_|       |_|  
If refilling used, are consumer containers managed in a sanitary manner? |_|       |_|       |_|
L
A
B
L
I
N
G
Is 'Unpasteurized' statement included on labels? |_|       |_|       |_|  
Are warning statements provided regarding risk of pathogens in the product, why the hazard exists, & population at risk (collect copy of statements)? |_|       |_|       |_|  
III. Additional Information
Process Step Questions Yes     No    N/A     Comments
S
O
P
Have written HACCP plan(s) been developed by the manufacturer (collect copy, if possible)? |_|       |_|       |_|  
   * If so, was the written HACCP plan(s) being used by the manufacturer? |_|       |_|       |_|
Have written sanitation SOP's been developed by the manufacturer? |_|       |_|       |_|  
   * If so, were the written sanitation SOP's being used by the manufacturer? |_|       |_|       |_|

Are State GMP's and/or HACCP guidelines implemented by the manufacturer?

|_|       |_|       |_|  
Does the manufacturer maintain records of GMP implementation? |_|       |_|       |_|  
Does the manufacturer maintain records of any HACCP control implementation? |_|       |_|       |_|
Where N/A is Not Applicable or the requested information is not available


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Hypertext updated by dms 1999-APR-02