1. What we know for toxicokinetics

• Absorbed orally

  • Degree of absorption from food has not been studied
  • Most toxicity information from drinking water or injections

• Wide and uniform distribution (oral exposure, high dose)

• Metabolism understood for >1000 micrograms per kilogram of body weight (mcg/kg) doses

  • Saturable (CYP2E1) conversion to glycidamide
  • Glutathione conjugation

• Elimination occurs in hours to days

  • But protein binding (-SH) and potential for cumulative damage

• Exposure duration affects neurotoxic dose